{"id":53215,"date":"2023-11-05T19:01:01","date_gmt":"2023-11-05T18:01:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.franz-josef.cz\/?p=53215"},"modified":"2023-11-16T17:40:36","modified_gmt":"2023-11-16T16:40:36","slug":"stary-most-v-bratislave-obnova-po-2-svetove-valce","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.franz-josef.cz\/en\/2023\/11\/stary-most-v-bratislave-obnova-po-2-svetove-valce\/","title":{"rendered":"3. OLD BRIDGE IN BRATISLAVA \u2013 RESTORATION AFTER WORLD WAR II"},"content":{"rendered":"

Star\u00fd most v Bratislav\u011b v historick\u00fdch souvislostech<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/h1>\n

\u00a019. \u0159\u00edjna 2020<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u010casopis Stavebnictv\u00ed <\/span><\/span><\/span>Vy\u0161lo v \u010d\u00edsle 09\/2020<\/a><\/p>\n

Ing. Michael Trnka, CSc., nalezl p\u0159i po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9ho archivu pozoruhodnou vzpom\u00ednku na dobu, kdy byl t\u011bsn\u011b po v\u00e1lce opravov\u00e1n dunajsk\u00fd most v Bratislav\u011b, destruovan\u00fd v roce 1945 ustupuj\u00edc\u00ed n\u011bmeckou arm\u00e1dou. Dokument nazvan\u00fd K historii nejrychlej\u0161\u00ed stavby prvn\u00edho pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho bratislavsk\u00e9ho mostu je ps\u00e1n na psac\u00edm stroji; na jeho konci je \u0161patn\u011b \u010diteln\u00fd podpis Ing. Kure\u010dky. Dokument uv\u00e1d\u00edme v p\u016fvodn\u00edm zn\u011bn\u00ed pouze s drobn\u00fdmi editorsk\u00fdmi \u00fapravami jako p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek k obdob\u00ed oslav 75. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed ukon\u010den\u00ed 2. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\nOPRAVA STAR\u00c9HO MOSTU NAD JEHO TROSKAMI<\/p>\n

Auto\u0159i:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>Ing. Michael Trnka, CSc.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>Petr Z\u00e1zvorka<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ing. Maxim Kure\u010dka:\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>K historii nejrychlej\u0161\u00ed stavby<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Stavba tohoto ocelov\u00e9ho mostu p\u0159es Dunaj v\u00a0Bratislav\u011b za\u010dala vlastn\u011b daleko odtud, v\u00a0Praze. Bylo to v\u00a0kancel\u00e1\u0159i \u010d. 408, ve IV. pat\u0159e budovy gener\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0159editelstv\u00ed B\u00e1\u0148sk\u00e9 a\u00a0hutn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti v\u00a0Lazarsk\u00e9 ulici \u010d. 7. Zde jsem tehdy p\u016fsobil jako prokurista a\u00a0do m\u00e9 \u010dinnosti spadal mimo jin\u00e9 tak\u00e9 refer\u00e1t ocelov\u00fdch konstrukc\u00ed, respektive z\u00e1vodu Most\u00e1rna Karlova hu\u0165 v\u00a0L\u00edskovci, kterou jsme \u0159\u00eddili po str\u00e1nce ekonomick\u00e9 a\u00a0mimo to poskytovali r\u016fznou technickou pomoc (p\u0159i jedn\u00e1n\u00edch s\u00a0centr\u00e1ln\u00edmi \u00fa\u0159ady, s\u00a0odborn\u00fdmi a\u00a0v\u011bdeck\u00fdmi i\u00a0jin\u00fdmi institucemi, ale zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed mont\u00e1\u017e\u00ed).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Neobvykl\u00e1 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nPr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00a0t\u00e9to kancel\u00e1\u0159i mi ke konci srpna 1945 p\u0159i\u0161el vzru\u0161en\u011b hl\u00e1sit z\u0159\u00edzenec uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy,\u00a0 \u017ee mne hledaj\u00ed dva mu\u017ei, jeden civilista a\u00a0druh\u00fd v\u00a0uniform\u011b. \u00da\u010del n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy odm\u00edtli udat. To nezn\u011blo pr\u00e1v\u011b p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 povzbudiv\u011b, ale nezb\u00fdvalo ne\u017e n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvu pozvat d\u00e1le. Hned v\u00a0prvn\u00edm okam\u017eiku se v\u0161echno vysv\u011btlilo, nebo\u0165 civilistou byl m\u016fj dobr\u00fd zn\u00e1m\u00fd, sek\u010dn\u00ed \u0161\u00e9f pan Bondy, nyn\u00ed v\u00a0roli pov\u011b\u0159ence ministerstva pr\u016fmyslu, kter\u00fd doprov\u00e1zel sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho plukovn\u00edka \u017eenijn\u00edho \u0161t\u00e1bu arm\u00e1dy mar\u0161\u00e1la Kon\u011bva. Sek\u010dn\u00ed \u0161\u00e9f sd\u011blil, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0stavby most\u016f pro Rudou arm\u00e1du a\u00a0ministerstvo m\u00e1 eminentn\u00ed z\u00e1jem, aby se spln\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bchto po\u017eadavk\u016f vy\u0161lo co nejv\u00edce vst\u0159\u00edc. Na\u0161e Karlova hu\u0165 byla ji\u017e tehdy zn\u00e1ma sv\u00fdm agiln\u00edm\u00a0 p\u0159\u00edstupem\u00a0 k\u00a0nejo\u017eehav\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu probl\u00e9mu obnovy destruovan\u00fdch ocelov\u00fdch most\u016f na Slovensku a\u00a0byla v\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b v\u00edc ne\u017e pln\u011b vyt\u00ed\u017eena (nakonec jsme opravili skoro 150 r\u016fzn\u00fdch mostn\u00edch objekt\u016f).
\nJak se z\u00a0plukovn\u00edkovy \u0159e\u010di uk\u00e1zalo, pot\u0159ebuje Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da (d\u00e1le RA) rychle zah\u00e1jit stavbu celkem p\u011bti most\u016f p\u0159es Dunaj: jeden v\u00a0Bratislav\u011b, jeden v\u00a0Kom\u00e1rn\u011b, dva ve V\u00eddni a\u00a0jeden v\u00a0Budape\u0161ti. Term\u00edn dokon\u010den\u00ed nejpozd\u011bji k\u00a031. prosinci 1945 \u2013 tedy za \u010dty\u0159i m\u011bs\u00edce. Tento naprosto nesplniteln\u00fd po\u017eadavek jsem musel samoz\u0159ejm\u011b odm\u00edtnout jako zcela nere\u00e1ln\u00fd, a\u00a0to i\u00a0za p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee by se do akce zapojilo v\u0161ech osm \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdch most\u00e1ren. Po dlouh\u00e9 a\u00a0vzru\u0161en\u00e9 diskusi jsme se nakonec dohodli, \u017ee za ur\u010dit\u00fdch p\u0159edpoklad\u016f by mohly pro n\u00e1sp\u0159ij\u00edt v\u00a0\u00favahu maxim\u00e1ln\u011b dva mosty na \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed. Nakonec jsem navrhl n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:
\na)\u00a0 Most v\u00a0Kom\u00e1rn\u011b, kde bylo po\u0161kozeno jen n\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00edhrad, tak\u017ee ke z\u0159\u00edcen\u00ed konstrukce nedo\u0161lo, je schopna opravit B\u00e1\u0148sk\u00e1 a\u00a0hutn\u00ed spole\u010dnost, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b most\u00e1rna Karlova hu\u0165 v\u00a0L\u00edskovci.
\nb)\u00a0 Most v\u00a0Bratislav\u011b, tot\u00e1ln\u011b zni\u010den\u00fd ve \u010dty\u0159ech st\u0159edn\u00edch pol\u00edch o\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch rozponech, v\u00a0celkov\u00e9 d\u00e9lce odhadem asi 340 m, nelze v\u00a0kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m term\u00ednu jako norm\u00e1ln\u00ed most postavit v\u016fbec.
\nc)\u00a0 Bylo by mo\u017eno uva\u017eovat o\u00a0v\u00fdrob\u011b v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho mostu RW (Roth-Waagner), kter\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edvala i\u00a0p\u0159edv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e1 \u010deskoslovensk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da \u2013 ov\u0161em za p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee by se poda\u0159ilo rychle z\u00edskat podklady pro v\u00fdrobu (ocelov\u00e9 \u0161ablony).
\nd)\u00a0 Dal\u0161\u00ed nezbytnou podm\u00ednkou bylo, \u017ee se poda\u0159\u00ed zapojit do akce tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 most\u00e1rny a\u00a0zejm\u00e9na pak in\u017een\u00fdrskou stavebn\u00ed firmu, kter\u00e1 by spolehliv\u011b zaru\u010dila obnovu devastovan\u00fdch pil\u00ed\u0159\u016f.
\ne)\u00a0 RA podnikne okam\u017eit\u011b opat\u0159en\u00ed k\u00a0vypro\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed trosek demolovan\u00e9ho mostu z\u00a0koryta Dunaje.
\nf)\u00a0\u00a0 Pokud se t\u00fdk\u00e1 most\u016f ve V\u00eddni, bylo doporu\u010deno obr\u00e1tit se do Floridsdorfu na most\u00e1rnu Roth-Waagner a\u00a0pro most v\u00a0Budape\u0161ti pak na most\u00e1rny v\u00a0Gy\u00f6ru nebo v\u00a0R\u00e1bu.
\ng)\u00a0 Z\u00e1vazn\u00fd term\u00edn bude dohodnut po prov\u011brce splnitelnosti podm\u00ednek c), d) a\u00a0e) dodate\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ed uzav\u0159en\u00edm smlouvy s\u00a0RA, kter\u00e1 bude objednatelem.
\nTento n\u00e1vrh byl p\u0159ijat jako jedin\u011b mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u00fdchodisko s\u00a0nad\u011bj\u00ed na uspokojen\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch po\u017eadavk\u016f \u017eenijn\u00edho \u0161t\u00e1bu arm\u00e1dy mar\u0161\u00e1la Kon\u011bva. Ke konci jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 trvalo p\u0159es t\u0159i hodiny, dal sek\u010dn\u00ed \u0161\u00e9f Bondy \u00fastn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkaz k\u00a0okam\u017eit\u00e9mu zah\u00e1jen\u00ed akce. A\u00a0j\u00e1 jsem kone\u010dn\u011b mohl n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvu doprovodit k\u00a0v\u00fdtahu. Do kancel\u00e1\u0159e za\u010daly ihned proudit davy lid\u00ed, kter\u00fdm a\u017e dosud br\u00e1nilo \u010derven\u00e9 sv\u011btlo \u2013 nevstupujte, bu\u010f pro podpis, nebo vy\u0159\u00eddit n\u011bco tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9ho, \u017ee to klidn\u011b mohlo po\u010dkat dva dny. Hlavn\u011b se ka\u017ed\u00fd zaj\u00edmal, kdo a\u00a0pro\u010d mne vy\u0161et\u0159ovali. Moj\u00ed v\u00fdmluv\u011b, \u017ee se jednalo o\u00a0nov\u00e9 mosty, se tenkr\u00e1t p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nev\u011b\u0159ilo.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edprava stavby<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n


\nNastal doslova ten prav\u00fd pekeln\u00fd tanec, kter\u00fd trval bez p\u0159est\u00e1vky pln\u00fdch p\u011bt m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f. Pracovn\u00ed doba pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b 12 a\u017e 14 hodin, sv\u00e1tek, nesv\u00e1tek, den \u010di noc. Za\u010d\u00ednali jsme bez objedn\u00e1vky, bez projektu, bez stavebn\u00ed firmy a\u00a0neznali jsme ani z\u00e1kladn\u00ed parametry mostu \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad rozpony pol\u00ed mostu, nato\u017e pak v\u00e1hu konstrukc\u00ed.
\nS nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enou rychlost\u00ed bylo nutn\u00e9 vy\u0159e\u0161it tyto probl\u00e9my:
\n1)\u00a0\u00a0 Z\u00edskat pro spolupr\u00e1ci dal\u0161\u00ed \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 most\u00e1rny, ustavit \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 a\u00a0jednotn\u00e9 konsorcium a\u00a0p\u0159ipravit v\u0161e pro uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy s\u00a0RA.
\n2)\u00a0\u00a0 Zajistit spolupr\u00e1ci se zku\u0161enou in\u017een\u00fdrskou stavebn\u00ed firmou, kter\u00e1 by byla s\u00a0to zaru\u010dit n\u00e1ro\u010dnou opravu pil\u00ed\u0159\u016f v\u00a0dan\u00fdch pevn\u00fdch term\u00ednech na bezvadn\u00e9 odborn\u00e9 \u00farovni.
\n3)\u00a0\u00a0 Zpracovat n\u00e1vrh sestavy prvk\u016f RW konstrukce mostu.
\n4)\u00a0\u00a0 Zajistit v\u00fdrobu d\u00edlc\u016f opat\u0159en\u00edm ocelov\u00fdch \u0161ablon a\u00a0rozd\u011blit ji co nej\u00fa\u010deln\u011bji mezi jednotliv\u00e9 most\u00e1rny.
\n5)\u00a0\u00a0 Zajistit mont\u00e1\u017e v\u010detn\u011b spolupr\u00e1ce s\u00a0\u010deskoslovenskou arm\u00e1dou a\u00a0opat\u0159it mont\u00e1\u017en\u00ed stroje a\u00a0pom\u016fcky.
\n6)\u00a0\u00a0 Zajistit kone\u010dn\u00e9 zat\u011b\u017ek\u00e1vac\u00ed zkou\u0161ky a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpravu k\u00a0nim.
\n7)\u00a0\u00a0 Vypracovat z\u00e1vazn\u00fd term\u00ednov\u00fd harmonogram postupu dod\u00e1vek d\u00edlc\u016f, mont\u00e1\u017ee a\u00a0stavebn\u00edch prac\u00ed.
\n8)\u00a0\u00a0 Uvolnit tok Dunaje od trosek z\u0159\u00edcen\u00fdch konstrukc\u00ed.
\nV\u0161echny tyto f\u00e1ze \u010dinnosti prob\u00edhaly sou\u010dasn\u011b, nebo\u0165 se navz\u00e1jem prol\u00ednaly a\u00a0\u010dasto i\u00a0k\u0159\u00ed\u017eily. P\u0159esto se nakonec poda\u0159ilo v\u0161e celkem zvl\u00e1dnout, zejm\u00e9na d\u00edky porozum\u011bn\u00ed pro v\u011bc a\u00a0vz\u00e1jemnou spolupr\u00e1ci, kter\u00e9 se ve v\u0161ech spoluz\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch poda\u0159ilo nakonec vzbudit.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Realizace stavby<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n


\nKonsorcium most\u00e1ren se ustavovalo jen s\u00a0obt\u00ed\u017eemi a\u00a0poda\u0159ilo se jen \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b. Nebo\u0165 hned t\u0159i z\u00a0velk\u00fdch most\u00e1ren svou \u00fa\u010dast na akci kategoricky odm\u00edtly (\u0160kodovka, \u010cKD a\u00a0Podbrezov\u00e1). Z\u016fstaly proto nakonec pouze \u010dty\u0159i most\u00e1rny: B\u00e1\u0148sk\u00e1 a\u00a0hutn\u00ed, V\u00edtkovice, Ipen v\u00a0Hradci Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 a\u00a0Kr\u00e1lovopolsk\u00e1 Brno. P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny tohoto nezdaru byly v\u00a0tom, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 partnery se nepoda\u0159ilo p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit, \u017ee v\u00a0tomto naprosto v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je nutno trochu riskovat, m\u00e1-li se akce setkat s\u00a0\u00fasp\u011bchem. Zejm\u00e9na odstra\u0161oval hroziv\u011b kr\u00e1tk\u00fd term\u00edn (1. 1. 1946), nebo\u0165 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd ze z\u00e1stupc\u016f t\u011bchto t\u0159\u00ed most\u00e1ren nem\u011bl osobn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti s\u00a0rychlost\u00ed mont\u00e1\u017ee v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch RW most\u016f, a\u010d tyto byly zn\u00e1my ji\u017e od dob 1. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. D\u016fvodem m\u00e9ho sk\u00e1lopevn\u00e9ho optimismu bylo toti\u017e, \u017ee jsem tehdy s\u00e1m prod\u011blal v\u00a0r\u00e1mci d\u016fstojnick\u00e9 \u0161koly p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd v\u00fdcvik u\u00a0\u201eBr\u00fcckenbatalionu\u201c v\u00a0Linci na Dunaji. Dal\u0161\u00ed neocenitelnou oporou pro m\u00e9 p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee akci je mo\u017eno v\u00a0po\u017eadovan\u00e9m term\u00ednu zvl\u00e1dnout, byla spolupr\u00e1ce s\u00a0Ing. Dr. Hus\u00e1kem, kter\u00fd svoje vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00e1 studia absolvoval na vojensk\u00e9 vysok\u00e9 in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00e9 \u0161kole, prod\u011blal v\u00fdcvik u\u00a0\u017eelezni\u010dn\u00edho pluku v\u00a0Pardubic\u00edch, a\u00a0byl proto s\u00a0problematikou RW most\u016f v\u0161estrann\u011b obezn\u00e1men jak po str\u00e1nce teoretick\u00e9, tak i\u00a0praktick\u00e9. Nakonec se nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed oporou stal v\u00fdsledek p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00fdch jedn\u00e1n\u00ed se z\u00e1stupci \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9ho \u017eenijn\u00edho vojska, z\u00a0n\u011bho\u017e vyplynula skoro jistota, \u017ee pro mont\u00e1\u017e se n\u00e1m poda\u0159\u00ed z\u00edskat pomoc specialist\u016f z\u00a0\u0159ad arm\u00e1dy.
\nPoda\u0159ilo se tak sestavit \u010dasov\u00fd program cel\u00e9 v\u00fdroby, stavby a\u00a0mont\u00e1\u017ee a\u00a0na z\u00e1klad\u011b n\u011bho pak byla podeps\u00e1na smlouva s\u00a0RA s\u00a0kone\u010dn\u00fdm term\u00ednem 15. ledna 1946. (Jedn\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 \u010di l\u00e9pe \u0159e\u010deno boj o\u00a0tento term\u00edn \u2013 trval pln\u00e9 dva dny a\u00a0byl veden i\u00a0prost\u0159edky ne pr\u00e1v\u011b p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fdmi). Term\u00edn nakonec nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 dodr\u017eet, ale o\u00a0tom a\u017e v\u00a0odd\u00edle o\u00a0mont\u00e1\u017ei.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Spolu\u00fa\u010dast stavebn\u00ed firmy Hrab\u011b a\u00a0Lozovsk\u00fd<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nSpolu\u00fa\u010dast stavebn\u00ed firmy se nakonec poda\u0159ilo vy\u0159e\u0161it brzy a\u00a0bez velk\u00fdch obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed, p\u0159esto\u017ee to byl kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd probl\u00e9m cel\u00e9ho postupu stavby, nebo\u0165 bez spolehliv\u00e9ho zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odborn\u011b proveden\u00e9 rekonstrukce demolovan\u00fdch t\u0159\u00ed pil\u00ed\u0159\u016f by cel\u00e1 akce byla prost\u011b nemo\u017en\u00e1. V\u00a0Bratislav\u011b sice tehdy neexistovala \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 kvalifikovan\u00e1 odborn\u00e1 firma, kter\u00e1 by mohla poskytnout dostate\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1ruky, \u017ee je schopna zvl\u00e1dnout spolehliv\u011b v\u00a0kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m term\u00ednu a\u00a0v\u00a0nejnep\u0159\u00edzniv\u011bj\u0161\u00edm ro\u010dn\u00edm obdob\u00ed tak n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd \u00fakol, ale poda\u0159ilo se zde objevit fili\u00e1lku pra\u017esk\u00e9ho stavebn\u00edho podniku, kter\u00fd m\u011bl ve\u0161ker\u00e9 p\u0159edpoklady k\u00a0proveden\u00ed t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti stavby. Byla to firma Hrab\u011b a\u00a0Lozovsk\u00fd, jej\u00ed\u017e spoluvlastn\u00edk Ing. Lozovsk\u00fd (s\u00e1m rodil\u00fd Rus) hned od prvopo\u010d\u00e1tku projevil o\u00a0tuto pr\u00e1ci mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd z\u00e1jem a\u00a0po celou dobu stavby s\u00e1m celou tuto \u010d\u00e1st stavby velmi iniciativn\u011b a\u00a0s\u00a0\u00fasp\u011bchem \u0159\u00eddil. Z\u00e1vod byl dob\u0159e vybaven jak po str\u00e1nce person\u00e1ln\u00ed, tak i\u00a0(a to zejm\u00e9na) po str\u00e1nce mechaniza\u010dn\u00ed, tak\u017ee stavebn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce byly vzdor mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdm obt\u00ed\u017e\u00edm prov\u00e1d\u011bny na vysok\u00e9 odborn\u00e9 \u00farovni a\u00a0v\u00a0term\u00ednu. V\u00fdjimka vznikla jen u\u00a0pil\u00ed\u0159e \u010d. 2, kde se p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00fdm pr\u016fzkumem \u2013 velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fdm a\u00a0n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdm \u2013 nepoda\u0159ilo podchytit cel\u00fd rozsah destrukce. Proto zde do\u0161lo k\u00a0dosti zna\u010dn\u00e9mu zdr\u017een\u00ed, nebo\u0165 k\u00a0sanaci pil\u00ed\u0159e bylo nutno pou\u017e\u00edt ocelov\u00e9 larsenky (pil\u00ed\u0159 byl rozru\u0161en a\u017e pod hladinu Dunaje). Toto zdr\u017een\u00ed se v\u0161ak p\u0159eneslo na mont\u00e1\u017e pouh\u00fdmi dv\u011bma t\u00fddny, proto\u017ee byla operativn\u011b vyrobena a\u00a0osazena provizorn\u00ed r\u00e1mov\u00e1 op\u011bra ocelov\u00e1. Byl to zcela jasn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad \u201evis major\u201c a\u00a0byl tak\u00e9 takto p\u0159i kone\u010dn\u00e9m posouzen\u00ed term\u00ednu potvrzen.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sestava prvk\u016f mostn\u00ed konstrukce RW syst\u00e9mu<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nN\u00e1vrh mostn\u00edch prvk\u016f RW syst\u00e9mu od po\u010d\u00e1tku nar\u00e1\u017eel na velk\u00e9 obt\u00ed\u017ee, proto\u017ee, jak ji\u017e bylo \u0159e\u010deno, jsme neznali ani z\u00e1kladn\u00ed parametry mostu \u2013 na p\u0159\u00edklad rozp\u011bt\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch pol\u00ed. Dokumentace star\u00e9ho zni\u010den\u00e9ho mostu nebyla nalezena, data se proto musela z\u00edsk\u00e1vat pracn\u00fdm zam\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm. Rovn\u011b\u017e\u00a0 dokumentace (v\u00fdkresy a\u00a0tabulky) pro RW syst\u00e9m nebyla k\u00a0dispozici. Dnes si ji\u017e podrobnosti t\u00e9to f\u00e1ze v\u00fdvoje p\u0159esn\u011b nepamatuji, ale vzpom\u00edn\u00e1m r\u00e1d na spolupr\u00e1ci s\u00a0velitelem \u017eenijn\u00edho vojska gener\u00e1lem Ing. \u010cerm\u00e1kem, na jeho\u017e p\u0159\u00edkaz dostala technick\u00e1 pomoc v\u0161em na\u0161im pracovn\u00edk\u016fm od p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f arm\u00e1dy (pokud n\u011bco v\u011bd\u011bli o\u00a0RW syst\u00e9mu) zelenou. Zejm\u00e9na to plat\u00ed pak o\u00a0\u017eelezni\u010dn\u00edm pluku v\u00a0Pardubic\u00edch, kde se poda\u0159ilo z\u00edskat nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed podklady, informace i\u00a0materi\u00e1l. Nakonec se Ing. Dr. Hus\u00e1kovi, kter\u00fd u\u00a0n\u00e1s pracoval jako statik, poda\u0159ilo opat\u0159it tolik podklad\u016f, \u017ee mohl po statick\u00e9m posouzen\u00ed navrhnout sestavu cel\u00e9 konstrukce. Byly to \u010dty\u0159i pole o\u00a0sv\u011btlosti cca 80 + 80 + 92 + 80 m (ve skute\u010dnosti 75 + 75 + 91,5 + 75 m \u2013 pozn. redakce). Teprve nyn\u00ed bylo mo\u017eno vypracovat p\u0159esn\u00fd rozpis\u00a0 d\u00edlc\u016f\u00a0 RW\u00a0 syst\u00e9mu a\u00a0z\u00edskat p\u0159ehled o\u00a0skute\u010dn\u00e9m rozsahu dod\u00e1vky.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdroba d\u00edlc\u016f<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nV\u00fdrobu d\u00edlc\u016f bylo tedy teprve nyn\u00ed mo\u017eno rozd\u011blit mezi \u010dty\u0159i most\u00e1rny a\u00a0dodat jim p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nou ty\u010dovinu a\u00a0plechy, kter\u00e9 zat\u00edm byly v\u00a0p\u0159edstihu nav\u00e1lcov\u00e1ny v\u00a0T\u0159inci a\u00a0ve V\u00edtkovic\u00edch. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u0161ak bylo nutno u\u010dinit z\u00e1sadn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed: vzhledem ke kr\u00e1tk\u00e9mu term\u00ednu bylo nutno za\u010d\u00edt s\u00a0mont\u00e1\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ed ukon\u010den\u00edm v\u00fdroby d\u00edlc\u016f v\u00a0most\u00e1rn\u00e1ch, musela b\u00fdt tedy v\u00fdroba \u0159\u00edzena podle zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch mont\u00e1\u017en\u00edch specifikac\u00ed. To umo\u017enilo mont\u00e1\u017e plynule z\u00e1sobovat prvky, kter\u00e9 byly v\u00a0dan\u00e9m \u010dase na \u0159ad\u011b. Dal\u0161\u00ed, a\u00a0to je\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed podm\u00ednkou pro zah\u00e1jen\u00ed v\u00fdroby d\u00edlc\u016f v\u0161ak bylo opat\u0159en\u00ed ocelov\u00fdch \u0161ablon, pro v\u00fdrobu bezpodm\u00edne\u010dn\u011b nezbytn\u00fdch, a\u00a0t\u011bch se poda\u0159ilo v\u00a0\u010cSR objevit pouze miziv\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed, n\u011bco bylo z\u00edsk\u00e1no prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00edho pluku, n\u011bco v\u00a0most\u00e1rn\u011b Ipen v\u00a0Hradci Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, ale po zbytku jako by se zem\u011b slehla. Teprve po dotazu u\u00a0most\u00e1rny Roth-Waagner vy\u0161lo najevo, \u017ee N\u011bmci je za v\u00e1lky rozvezli po polovin\u011b Evropy a\u00a0RW mosty se podle nich vyr\u00e1b\u011bly po celou dobu v\u00e1lky. Tyto informace spolu se seznamem n\u011bkolika zn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch most\u00e1ren na \u00fazem\u00ed N\u011bmecka, Francie, Belgie, Lucemburska a\u00a0It\u00e1lie byly p\u0159ed\u00e1ny org\u00e1n\u016fm sov\u011btsk\u00e9 zpravodajsk\u00e9 slu\u017eby a\u00a0\u0161ablony byly do necel\u00fdch t\u0159\u00ed t\u00fddn\u016f v\u00a0Ostrav\u011b. Chyb\u011blo jen n\u011bkolik m\u00e1lo kus\u016f, ale ty se poda\u0159ilo dodate\u010dn\u011b vyrobit u\u00a0Ipen\u016f. Mezi t\u00edm dodaly v\u00e1lcovny T\u0159inec a\u00a0V\u00edtkovice pot\u0159ebn\u00fd v\u00e1lcovan\u00fd materi\u00e1l mostn\u00ed jakosti, tak\u017ee v\u00fdroba v\u00a0most\u00e1rn\u00e1ch se nyn\u00ed mohla rozjet naplno.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mont\u00e1\u017e konstrukce mostu<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed mont\u00e1\u017ee p\u016fsobilo tenkr\u00e1t nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed starosti, proto\u017ee se jednalo o\u00a0 specializovanou\u00a0 pr\u00e1ci a\u00a0speci\u00e1ln\u00ed mont\u00e1\u017en\u00ed stroje a\u00a0pom\u016fcky. Mont\u00e9r\u016f pro mont\u00e1\u017ee byl neoby\u010dejn\u00fd nedostatek, a\u00a0i\u00a0kdy\u017e to byli pracovn\u00edci vesm\u011bs v\u00fdborn\u011b kvalifikovan\u00ed, nena\u0161el se mezi nimi nikdo s\u00a0v\u00fdcvikem pro stavbu RW most\u016f. A\u00a0nyn\u00ed teprve jsme ocenili n\u00e1le\u017eit\u011b hodnotu spolupr\u00e1ce s\u00a0\u00fatvary \u017eenijn\u00edho vojska \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy. Poda\u0159ilo se z\u00edskat n\u011bkolik specialist\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed ve velmi kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m \u010dase zacvi\u010dili na\u0161e mont\u00e9ry a\u00a0z\u016fstali jim neoceniteln\u00fdmi partnery po celou dobu mont\u00e1\u017ee. Zde vd\u011b\u010dn\u011b vzpom\u00edn\u00e1m zejm\u00e9na rotmistra Ho\u0161ka, b\u00fdval\u00e9ho instruktora \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00edho pluku v\u00a0Pardubic\u00edch. Drobn\u00fd skromn\u00fd mu\u017e s\u00a0neuv\u011b\u0159itelnou pam\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00fd v\u011bd\u011bl v\u017edycky prost\u011b v\u0161echno. Z\u00edskal si proto v\u0161eobecnou autoritu a\u00a0stal se automaticky, by\u0165 nejmenovan\u00fdm, \u0161\u00e9fem mont\u00e1\u017ee. Celkem zde pracovalo asi 30 a\u017e 50 na\u0161ich vybran\u00fdch mont\u00e9r\u016f (v\u00fd\u0161ka\u0159\u016f), n\u011bkolik \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdch \u017eenist\u016f a\u00a0podle pot\u0159eby a\u017e asi 100 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho \u017eenijn\u00edho \u00fatvaru pro transport, zved\u00e1n\u00ed, \u0161roubov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0jin\u00e9 pomocn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, pod dozorem na\u0161ich pracovn\u00edk\u016f. Pokud se t\u00fdk\u00e1 zp\u016fsobu mont\u00e1\u017ee, bylo o\u00a0n\u011bm, jak ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve \u0159e\u010deno, po zral\u00fdch \u00favah\u00e1ch rozhodnuto je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed zapo\u010det\u00edm v\u00fdroby d\u00edlc\u016f. P\u0159edem bylo nutno vylou\u010dit zav\u00e1\u017een\u00ed hotov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed konstrukc\u00ed po soulod\u00edch, nebo\u0165 beznad\u011bjn\u011b troskami zatarasen\u00e1 hladina Dunaje byla pro jak\u00e1koliv plavidla zcela\u00a0 nesj\u00edzdn\u00e1. Z\u00a0t\u00e9ho\u017e d\u016fvodu a\u00a0zejm\u00e9na pro p\u0159\u00edli\u0161nou pracnost nebylo uva\u017eov\u00e1no ani o\u00a0z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pevn\u00e9ho mont\u00e1\u017en\u00edho le\u0161en\u00ed. Proto nakonec nezbylo ne\u017e zvolit mont\u00e1\u017en\u011b sice nejobt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob letm\u00e9 mont\u00e1\u017ee jako jedin\u011b mo\u017en\u00fd.\u00a0 P\u0159itom\u00a0 se\u00a0 po\u010d\u00edtalo s\u00a0dokon\u010den\u00fdmi a\u00a0pln\u011b \u00fanosn\u00fdmi monolitick\u00fdmi pil\u00ed\u0159i. Pon\u011bvad\u017e v\u0161ak \u0161lo o\u00a0rozp\u011bt\u00ed 80 a\u017e 90 m, bylo nutno do ka\u017ed\u00e9ho pole v\u0159adit po jedn\u00e9 pomocn\u00e9 b\u00e1rce, bu\u010f na plovouc\u00ed, nebo pevn\u00e9 podpo\u0159e. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eka v\u0161ak vyvstala, kdy\u017e se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee nejsou speci\u00e1ln\u00ed mont\u00e1\u017en\u00ed RW je\u0159\u00e1by. Dnes u\u017e se nepamatuji, jak\u00fdm z\u00e1zrakem se je\u0159\u00e1by opat\u0159ily, ale faktem je, \u017ee v\u00a0listopadu, kdy\u017e se naplno rozjela mont\u00e1\u017e, je\u0159\u00e1by byly. Snad je vyrobila Kr\u00e1lovopolsk\u00e1 Brno?
\nMezit\u00edm\u00a0 t\u00edm\u00a0 ji\u017e\u00a0 tak\u00e9\u00a0 v\u00fdroba d\u00edlc\u016f \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b pokro\u010dila a\u00a0na stavbu za\u010dal proudit nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fd sled dod\u00e1vek podle naprogramovan\u00e9ho po\u0159ad\u00ed,\u00a0 tak\u017ee\u00a0 mont\u00e1\u017e\u00a0 se \u00a0mohla bez p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b rozb\u011bhnout. Montovalo se z\u00a0obou b\u0159eh\u016f proti sob\u011b, styk obou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed byl navr\u017een uprost\u0159ed nejdel\u0161\u00edho pole (3\u20134) o\u00a0rozp\u011bt\u00ed 92 m. A\u017e na d\u0159\u00edve ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 dvout\u00fddenn\u00ed zdr\u017een\u00ed u\u00a0pil\u00ed\u0159e \u010d. 2 pokra\u010dovaly pr\u00e1ce podle programu, i\u00a0kdy\u017e bylo denn\u011b nutno \u0159e\u0161it nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u010dasto dosti v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9, ale obvykl\u00e9 mont\u00e1\u017en\u00ed obt\u00ed\u017ee, kter\u00e9 s\u00a0rozvahou a\u00a0p\u0159ehledem v\u011bt\u0161inou podle sv\u00fdch zku\u0161enost\u00ed, zlikvidoval rotmistr Ho\u0161ek. Jinak prob\u00edhala mont\u00e1\u017e za nejhor\u0161\u00edch klimatick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek, nad Dunajem fi\u010del ostr\u00fd mraziv\u00fd v\u00edtr, teploty klesaly v\u00a0jednom obdob\u00ed (skoro t\u0159i t\u00fddny) a\u017e na \u201315 \u00baC, co\u017e pr\u00e1ce ve v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1ch n\u011bkdy zcela znemo\u017e\u0148ovalo. P\u0159esto mezi na\u0161imi mont\u00e9ry, zku\u0161en\u00fdmi ze zimn\u00edch mont\u00e1\u017e\u00ed, nedo\u0161lo po celou dobu k\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9mu v\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu \u00farazu. Hor\u0161\u00ed to bylo s\u00a0jejich pomocn\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed jim byli p\u0159id\u011bleni. Ti v\u0161ichni se sice velmi ochotn\u011b ch\u00e1pali ka\u017ed\u00e9 od nich po\u017eadovan\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce\u00a0 a\u00a0 projevovali i\u00a0ve v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1ch mimo\u0159\u00e1dnou odvahu, hrani\u010d\u00edc\u00ed a\u017e s\u00a0hazard\u00e9rstv\u00edm, ale mnoh\u00fdm z\u00a0nich se nepoda\u0159ilo v\u0161t\u00edpit si ani nejmen\u0161\u00ed smysl pro bezpe\u010dnost p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci. To se samoz\u0159ejm\u011b projevovalo nejen na \u00farazovosti, ale n\u011bkolik jich za to zaplatilo i\u00a0\u017eivotem, nebo\u0165 p\u00e1d do prudk\u00e9ho proudu ledov\u00e9 vody pln\u00e9 plovouc\u00ed ledov\u00e9 t\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b znamenal jist\u00fd konec. To byly smutn\u00e9 okam\u017eiky, kter\u00e9 pon\u011bkud kalily uspokojen\u00ed z\u00a0jinak \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9ho postupu mont\u00e1\u017ee. Kone\u010dn\u011b se ob\u011b \u010dela konstrukc\u00ed p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eila k\u00a0sob\u011b na dosah ruky, ale sou\u010dasn\u011b se objevila nemil\u00e1 v\u011bc: chyb\u011blo 200 mm. S\u00a0touto diferenc\u00ed se sice po\u010d\u00edtalo, ale nikoliv v\u00a0tak velk\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e. I\u00a0tato posledn\u00ed, v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e1 komplikace byla zd\u00e1rn\u011b odstran\u011bna, vy\u017e\u00e1dala si v\u0161ak pln\u00e9 \u010dty\u0159i dny drahocenn\u00e9ho \u010dasu.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Zat\u011b\u017ek\u00e1vac\u00ed zkou\u0161ky<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\n<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>Po dokon\u010den\u00ed mont\u00e1\u017e\u00ed a\u00a0z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed mostovky n\u00e1sledovaly ihned zat\u011b\u017ek\u00e1vac\u00ed zkou\u0161ky, kter\u00e9 byly ji\u017e p\u0159edem v\u00a0p\u0159edstihu p\u0159ipraven\u00e9. Bylo nav\u00e1z\u00e1no spojen\u00ed s\u00a0Ing. Dr. Hacarem, tehdy asistentem Kloknerova \u00fastavu v\u00a0Praze, s\u00a0kter\u00fdm Ing. Dr. Hus\u00e1k vypracoval podrobn\u00fd program zkou\u0161ek a\u00a0um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed tensometr\u016f, jich\u017e bylo v\u00edce ne\u017e sto. Z\u00e1stupce RA, \u017eenijn\u00edho \u0161t\u00e1bu mar\u0161\u00e1la Kon\u011bva, podplukovn\u00edk Ing. Rad\u010denko, kter\u00fd program schvaloval, konstatoval, \u017ee\u00a0 jsme si na sv\u00e1tky ov\u011bsili most jako v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed strome\u010dek, p\u0159itom autorem um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho po\u010dtu tensometr\u016f byl on s\u00e1m. Dokon\u010den\u00fd most byl zat\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edm sov\u011btsk\u00fdm pades\u00e1titunov\u00fdm tankem. Zkou\u0161ky prob\u011bhly bezvadn\u011b, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 z\u00a0nam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch hodnot nedos\u00e1hla vypo\u010dten\u00fdch hodnot. To dokazovalo mimo jin\u00e9 tak\u00e9 dobrou tuhost \u0161roubovan\u00fdch spoj\u016f. Byl konec ledna 1946, n\u00e1\u0161 \u00fakol byl spln\u011bn a\u00a0na to dne 3. \u00fanora 1946 byl most slavnostn\u011b\u00a0 otev\u0159en\u00a0 a\u00a0p\u0159ed\u00e1n do provozu. Na po\u010dest spln\u011bn\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b kr\u00e1tk\u00e9ho term\u00ednu tohoto v\u00fdzna\u010dn\u00e9ho technick\u00e9ho d\u00edla za neoby\u010dejn\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch podm\u00ednek dala Slovensk\u00e1 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed rada razit v\u00a0Kremnici zlat\u00e9, st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e9 a\u00a0bronzov\u00e9 medaile Hrdinstvo pr\u00e1ce, jimi\u017e pak byli odm\u011bn\u011bni zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zaslou\u017eil\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci t\u00e9to rekordn\u00ed akce, za n\u00ed\u017e n\u00e1m v\u0161em osobn\u011b pod\u011bkoval i\u00a0mar\u0161\u00e1l Kon\u011bv.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Uvoln\u011bn\u00ed toku Dunaje<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Neoby\u010dejn\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem bylo uvoln\u011bn\u00ed toku Dunaje, kter\u00fd byl n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd na po\u010det pracovn\u00edch sil, v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch plavidel a\u00a0speci\u00e1ln\u00edch strojn\u00edch pom\u016fcek. Nakonec nezbylo, ne\u017e aby to provedly \u017eenijn\u00ed \u00fatvary RA pou\u017eit\u00edm lodn\u00edho parku s\u00a0obsluhou Dunajplavby. Tyto velmi nesnadn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce trvaly je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f po zprovozn\u011bn\u00ed mostu. Celkem na nich zde pr\u00fd tehdy pracovalo a\u017e 400 mu\u017e\u016f.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pozn\u00e1mka<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nTento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek k\u00a0historii stavby prv\u00e9ho pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho mostu p\u0159es Dunaj v\u00a0Bratislav\u011b byl naps\u00e1n jen na z\u00e1klad\u011b osobn\u00edch vzpom\u00ednek, bez jak\u00fdchkoliv p\u00edsemn\u00fdch podklad\u016f a\u00a0nem\u016f\u017ee si proto \u010dinit n\u00e1rok na naprostou \u00faplnost a\u00a0p\u0159esnost. Proto se tak\u00e9 \u010d\u00edseln\u00e9 \u00fadaje bu\u010f neuv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed v\u016fbec, nebo jen \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b, nebo\u0165 od stavby uplynulo ji\u017e 34 let. (pozn. redakce: do doby vytvo\u0159en\u00ed dokumentu).
\nMost byl tehdy pova\u017eov\u00e1n za v\u00fdslovn\u00e9 provizorium, kter\u00e9 bude nejpozd\u011bji do deseti let nahrazeno definitivem, l\u00e9pe odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm regula\u010dn\u00edm z\u00e1m\u011br\u016fm m\u011bsta. Materi\u00e1l demontovan\u00e9 konstrukce m\u011bl b\u00fdt p\u0159ed\u00e1n \u017eenijn\u00edm slo\u017ek\u00e1m \u010dsl. arm\u00e1dy pro \u00fa\u010dely v\u00fdcviku a\u00a0jako z\u00e1loha pro neo\u010dek\u00e1vanou civiln\u00ed pot\u0159ebu. K\u00a0tomu, jak skute\u010dnost ukazuje, nedo\u0161lo a\u00a0most sd\u00edl\u00ed osud v\u011bt\u0161iny provizori\u00ed, z\u00a0nich\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e1 p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b z\u00a0doby 1. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.
\n(Pozn\u00e1mka redakce: Most slou\u017eil a\u017e do roku 2013, kdy byl nahrazen mostem nov\u00fdm. Bratislavan\u00e9 si tento star\u00fd most tak zamilovali, \u017ee si vynutili, aby nov\u00fd Star\u00fd most byl tvarov\u011b p\u0159izp\u016fsoben zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9mu mostu provizorn\u00edmu. Viz \u010dasopis Stavebnictv\u00ed [4, 5].<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Dodatek ke vzpom\u00ednce<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

Zde kon\u010d\u00edtext Ing. Maxima Kure\u010dky o\u00a0historii stavby prv\u00e9ho pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho mostu p\u0159es Dunaj, zprovozn\u011bn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1v\u011b p\u0159ed sedmdes\u00e1ti p\u011bti lety, zam\u00fd\u0161len\u00e9ho jako provizororium, kter\u00e9 m\u011blo slou\u017eit nejv\u00fd\u0161e deset let a\u00a0pozd\u011bji b\u00fdt nahrazeno nov\u00fdm (stalo se tak a\u017e po p\u0159estavb\u011b v\u00a0letech 2013\u20132016). Uv\u00e1d\u00edme proto dostupn\u00e9 informace pro dopln\u011bn\u00ed. V\u00a0m\u00edstech dne\u0161n\u00edho Star\u00e9ho mostu v\u00a0Bratislav\u011b byla vedena p\u0159es Dunaj \u0159ada p\u0159emost\u011bn\u00ed: v\u00a0roce\u00a0 1825\u00a0 byl v\u00a0m\u00edst\u011b postaven\u00fd pontonov\u00fd most, ocelov\u00fd most ho nahradil\u00a0 v\u00a0\u0159\u00edjnu 1890. Podle autora publikace Mosty na Slovensku Ing. Petera Paul\u00edka byla stavba tohoto mostu zah\u00e1jena v\u00a0roce 1889 pod dohledem francouzsk\u00e9ho in\u017een\u00fdra Doehnera, kter\u00fd spolupracoval s\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edmi konstrukt\u00e9ry, jako byli F. S. Cathry a\u00a0I. Linzboth. Slavnostn\u00edho otev\u0159en\u00ed mostu, pojmenovan\u00e9ho most c\u00edsa\u0159e Franti\u0161ka Josefa I. (Franz-Jozephs-Br\u00fccke), se z\u00fa\u010dastnil\u00a0 s\u00e1m c\u00edsa\u0159 30. prosince 1890 (zah\u00e1jen\u00ed provozu mostu bylo 1. ledna 1891). Most na kamenn\u00fdch pil\u00ed\u0159\u00edch m\u011bl rozp\u011bt\u00ed mostn\u00edch pol\u00ed 31,6 + 2 \u00d7 75 + 91,5 + 2 \u00d7 75 + 31,6 m, d\u00e9lka mostu, kter\u00fd spojuje centrum Bratislavy s\u00a0Petr\u017ealkou, dosahovala 460 m. K\u00a0mostu (p\u016fvodn\u011b silni\u010dn\u00edmu) byl na stejn\u00fdch pil\u00ed\u0159\u00edch p\u0159istav\u011bn most \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed, byl sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed trati z\u00a0Bratislavy do Szombathely. V\u00a0roce 1919, po vzniku Republiky \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9, byl most p\u0159ejmenov\u00e1n na most gener\u00e1la Milana Rastislava \u0160tef\u00e1nika, p\u0159es most byla vedena tra\u0165 na Wolfstahl a\u00a0do V\u00eddn\u011b (tzv. Viedensk\u00e1 elektri\u010dka), kter\u00e1 v\u00a0centru Bratislavy sd\u00edlela koleje s\u00a0tramvajemi bratislavsk\u00e9 ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 dopravy). Ustupuj\u00edc\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e1 arm\u00e1da most podminovala a\u00a0zni\u010dila. Po explozi se zcela z\u0159\u00edtila ocelov\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st stavby, v\u010detn\u011b jednoho z\u00a0\u00a0pil\u00ed\u0159\u016f.
\nRud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da Ukrajinsk\u00e9ho frontu postavila ihned provizorn\u00ed pontonov\u00fd most v\u00a0m\u00edst\u011b dne\u0161n\u00edho mostu SNP, kter\u00fd byl v\u00a0provozu od 1. dubna 1945 do 24. ledna 1946, a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fd provizorn\u00ed most byl v\u00a0m\u00edst\u011b Slovensk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed galerie (tento most byl v\u00a0provozu pouze dva m\u011bs\u00edce). V\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fd opraven\u00fd most nesl jm\u00e9no most \u010cervenej arm\u00e1dy, v\u00a0roce 1990 byl p\u0159ejmenov\u00e1n na Star\u00fd most. Do\u00a0 roku\u00a0 2010\u00a0 na\u00a0 n\u011bm\u00a0 vedla i\u00a0dvouproud\u00e1 silni\u010dn\u00ed komunikace, pot\u00e9 byl most uzav\u0159en pro ve\u0161kerou dopravu. Na m\u00edst\u011b Star\u00e9ho mostu byl v\u00a0roce 2016 uveden\u00a0 do provozu nov\u00fd Star\u00fd most, kter\u00fd \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 n\u011bkter\u00fdch pil\u00ed\u0159\u016f Star\u00e9ho mostu. Nov\u00fd most umo\u017e\u0148uje spojen\u00ed tramvajovou rychlodr\u00e1hou s\u00a0Petr\u017ealkou, vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n je rovn\u011b\u017e pro p\u011b\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0cyklisty, p\u0159ejezd maj\u00ed povoleny, v\u00a0mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech, vozidla z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 slu\u017eby, hasi\u010dsk\u00e9ho sboru a\u00a0policie. Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee i\u00a0po stavb\u011b nov\u00e9ho Star\u00e9ho mostu se zachovaly oba m\u00fdtn\u00e9 domy \u2013 z\u00a0jednoho je restaurace, z\u00a0druh\u00e9ho Muzeum celnictv\u00ed.
\nNa z\u00e1klad\u011b dotazu n\u00e1m Mgr. Luk\u00e1\u0161 Lisn\u00edk, vedouc\u00ed odboru archivu V\u00edtkovice (Cylinders Holding) potvrdil, \u017ee Ing. Maxim Kure\u010dka byl pracovn\u00edkem veden\u00ed firmy ur\u010den\u00fdm k\u00a0jedn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0RA ohledn\u011b v\u00fdstavby mostu. Krom\u011b poskytnut\u00e9 fotografie ze stavby mostu kategoricky vyvr\u00e1til informaci uv\u00e1d\u011bnou na internetu o\u00a0tom, \u017ee most v\u00a0Bratislav\u011b postavili n\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed zajatci pod veden\u00edm RA. Podle archivn\u00edch dokument\u016f na obnov\u011b mostu a\u00a0s obnovou spojen\u00fdch prac\u00ed v\u00a0roce 1945 pracovalo cca t\u0159i sta na\u0161ich profesion\u00e1ln\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f, \u0161est set rusk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f a\u00a0\u010dty\u0159i sta pades\u00e1t n\u011bmeck\u00fdch\u00a0 zajatc\u016f. Specialist\u00e9 z\u00a0\u010ceskoslovenska zaji\u0161\u0165ovali organizaci stavby a\u00a0jako \u0161\u00e9fmont\u00e9\u0159i realizovali mont\u00e1\u017e konstrukc\u00ed. Zaslou\u017e\u00ed si proto uzn\u00e1n\u00ed i\u00a0po uplynul\u00fdch sedmdes\u00e1ti p\u011bti letech.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed: D\u011bkujeme Mgr. Luk\u00e1\u0161i Lisn\u00edkovi za poskytnut\u00e9\u00a0 informace a\u00a0doc. Ing. Viktoru Borzovi\u010dovi, PhD., za zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed dobov\u00fdch fotografi\u00ed i\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch informac\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch\u00a0 se\u00a0 tohoto\u00a0 i\u00a0 dal\u0161\u00edch \u00a0most\u016f na Slovensku. Vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed informaci o\u00a0stavb\u011b nov\u00e9ho Star\u00e9ho mostu v\u00a0Bratislav\u011b naleznete v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku Ing. Miroslava Ma\u0165a\u0161\u010d\u00edka [4] a\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nku Ing. J\u00e1na Mal\u00e1ta a\u00a0Ing. Ji\u0159\u00edho Chmel\u00edka [5].<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Zdroje:
\n[1] KURE\u010cKA, Maxim. K\u00a0historii nejrychlej\u0161\u00ed stavby. Soukrom\u00fd archiv Michaela Trnky.
\n[2] PAUL\u00cdK, Peter. Bridges in Slovakia. Bratislava: JAGA GROUP s.r.o., 2014.
\n[3] Archiv V\u00edtkovice (Cylinders Holding).
\n[4] MA\u0164A\u0160\u010c\u00cdK, Miroslav. \u201eNov\u00fd“ Star\u00fd most cez Dunaj v\u00a0Bratislave. Stavebnictv\u00ed, 2016, ro\u010d. X, \u010d. 03, str. 60\u201365. Praha: INFORMA\u010cN\u00cd CENTRUM \u010cKAIT s.r.o.
\n[5] MAL\u00c1T, Jan; CHMEL\u00cdK, Ji\u0159\u00ed. \u201eNov\u00fd“ Star\u00fd most p\u0159es Dunaj v\u00a0Bratislav\u011b. Stavebnictv\u00ed, 2016, ro\u010d. X, \u010d. 06\u201307, str. 44\u201347. Praha: INFORMA\u010cN\u00cd CENTRUM \u010cKAIT s.r.o.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Star\u00fd most v Bratislav\u011b v historick\u00fdch souvislostech \u00a019. \u0159\u00edjna 2020 \u010casopis Stavebnictv\u00ed Vy\u0161lo v \u010d\u00edsle 09\/2020 Ing. Michael Trnka, CSc., nalezl p\u0159i po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9ho archivu pozoruhodnou vzpom\u00ednku na dobu, kdy byl t\u011bsn\u011b po v\u00e1lce opravov\u00e1n dunajsk\u00fd most v Bratislav\u011b, destruovan\u00fd v roce 1945 ustupuj\u00edc\u00ed n\u011bmeckou arm\u00e1dou. Dokument nazvan\u00fd K historii nejrychlej\u0161\u00ed stavby prvn\u00edho pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho bratislavsk\u00e9ho […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":53267,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[62],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53215","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized-sk"],"yoast_head":"\n3. 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